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Фонетика английского языка.Часть 2


Привет, дорогие друзья. Основной целью данной статьи является приобретение знаний и навыков правильного английского произношения слов и предложений, а также развитие способностей слышать и понимать речь носителей языка.

Для достижения этих целей необходимо знать, как произносятся английские звуки, а также слова, в которых они используются.

Фонетика английского языка

Listening for Vowels (AmE)

 

[i:] as in SEE

be – tea – read – feel – keep – compete;

[i] as in HIT

pick – big – give – miss – English – city;

[e] as in RED

get – beg – well – head – left – test;

[æ] as in CAT

bad – pack – tag – land – happy – match;

[a:] as in CAR

far – hard – sharp – large – calm – father;

[o:] as in MORE

form – short – law – pause – call – war;

[o] as in NOT

hot – lock – rob – stop – possible – dollar;

[u:] as in RULE

true – flew – move – food – choose – group;

[yu:] as in USE

unit – huge – cute – music – few – beautiful;

[u] as in BOOK

look – good – put – full – sugar – could;

[ər] as in SIR

first – bird – hurt – search – work – better;

[ə] as in BUT

fun – luck – son – away – useful – famous;

[ei] as in RAY

may – take – name – save – wait – pain;

[ai] as in RIDE

my – life – find – time – advise – deny;

[au] as in HOW

now – down – shout – proud – mouth – count;

[oi] as in BOY

toy – noise – point – boil – avoid – employ;

[ou] as in NO

show – home – road – told – open – hero;

Before final R:

dear – fear – near – beer – here; hair – fair – pair – care – bear; poor – tour – sure – cure; fire – hire – desire – require; hour – sour – flower – power.

Listening for Vowel Contrast (AmE)

 

[i:] – [i] as in DEEP – DIP

peel – pill, leave – live, beat – bit, seek – sick;

[i] – [e] as in PIN – PEN

fill – fell, did – dead, miss – mess;

[e] – [ei] as in LET – LATE

pen – pain, sell – sail, fed – fade;

[e] – [æ] as in BED – BAD

men – man, leg – lag, peck – pack, set – sat;

[æ] – [a:] as in PACK – PARK

bad – bard, hat – heart;

[æ] – [ə] as in FAN – FUN

lack – luck, damp – dump;

[a:] – [ə] as in DARK – DUCK

calm – come, march – much, father – mother;

[a:] – [o:] as in CARD – CORD

star – store, farm – form;

[o:] – [o] as in PORT – POT

born – bond, order – odd;

[o:] – [ər] as in BORN – BURN

course – curse, ward – word, walk – work;

[o] – [ə] as in NOT – NUT

rob – rub, body – buddy, cop – cup;

[ə] – [ər] as in BUD – BIRD

ton – turn, such – search, sofa – suffer;

[u:] – [yu:] as in FOOD – FEUD

cool – cute, ooze – use;

[u:] – [u] as in TOOL – TOOK

fool – full, shoot – should, boom – book;

[u] – [o] as in COOK – COCK

put – pot, good – god;

[a:] – [ai] as in HARD – HIDE

charm – chime, spark – spike;

[a:] – [au] as in ART – OUT

darn – down, lard – loud;

[o:] – [ou] as in SAW – SO

bought – boat, pause – pose.


Listening for Consonants (AmE)

 

[p] as in PEN

pan – part – piece – pay – press – tip;

[b] as in BE

baby – best – bought – burn – but – rob;

[t] as in TEN

tap – town – turn – try – pity – little;

[d] as in DO

deep – dark – dull – day – drop – bad;

[k] as in KATE

kick – cause – cool – cut – kind – talk;

[g] as in GO

get – garden – game – girl – grow – rug;

[f] as in FEEL

fit – fast – phone – fly – free – laugh;

[v] as in VERY

vivid – vote – even – every – active – five;

[θ] as in THIN

thank – thought – third – throw – author – fifth;

[ð] as in THIS

that – then – those – mother – bathe – breathe;

[s] as in SO

see – saw – send – sad – some – say – kiss;

[z] as in ZOO

zero – zipper – zone – busy – rise – lose;

[sh] as in SHOW

shoot – shut – shine – nation – special – push;

[zh] as in BEIGE

usually – visual – vision – measure;

[h] as in HE

help – hand – hurt – hate – hide – how;

[ch] as in CHEESE

check – chance – child – church – rich – watch;

[j] as in JUST

join – joke – gym – large – bridge – manage;

[m] as in ME

more – move – much – make – memory – come;

[n] as in NO

need – never – normal – not – new – win;

[ŋ] as in SING

singer – singing – hang – bring – long;

[l] as in LIVE

let – learn – love – loud – close – will;

[r] as in RED

real – rat – run – drink – car – rare;

[w] as in WE

wet – word – way – swim – twice – quick;

[y] as in YES

year – yard – young – use – fuel – million.

Listening for Consonant Contrast (AmE)

 

[p] – [b] as in PET – BET

pack – back, rope – robe, rip – rib, tap – tab;

[t] – [d] as in TIP – DIP

feet – feed, write – ride, hurt – heard, stopped – robbed;

[k] – [g] as in COAT – GOAT

pack – bag, pick – pig, lock – log;

[f] – [v] as in FAN – VAN

safe – save, leaf – leave, knife – knives;

[v] – [w] as in VINE – WINE

Vin – win, vet – wet, very – well, vow – wow;

[sh] – [zh] as in MISSION – VISION

special – usual, pressure – pleasure;

[ch] – [j] as in RICH – RIDGE

cheap – jeep, batch – badge, match – message;

[s] – [z] as in SIP – ZIP

sign – design, race – raise, advice – advise, lacks – lags;

[θ] – [ð] as in THANK – THAN

bath – bathe, breath – breathe, north – northern;

[s] – [θ] as in SINK – THINK

sing – thing, seem – theme, mass – math;

[z] – [ð] as in ZONE – THOUGH

prism – rhythm, close – clothe, breeze – breathe;

[f] – [θ] as in FREE – THREE

first – thirst, fought – thought, roof – Ruth;

[n] – [ŋ] as in SIN – SING

ton – tongue, pan – pang, ban – bank;

[ŋ] – [ŋ]+[g] as in SING – SINGLE

long – longer, hung – hungry, singer – finger.

Listening for Word Stress (AmE)

 

TYPICAL PATTERNS of STRESS

One-syllable words

cat, lake, road, pain, owl, chair; fall, burn, touch, choose, write, hear; new, large, bright, short, loud, sick.

Two-syllable words

Nouns:

a) TEACHer, LESson, OFfice, CITy, PRESent; b) caREER, poLICE, hoTEL.

Adjectives:

a) LOCal, NATive, CAREless; b) abSURD, comPLETE.

Verbs:

a) conFIRM, deNY, exPLAIN, forGET, preSENT; b) CANcel, BORrow, PUNish.

Three-syllable words

Nouns:

a) CONfidence, GOVernment, POLitics; b) apPROVal, conSUMer, eMOtion.

Adjectives:

a) GENeral, WONderful, CURious; b) athLETic, inSTINCtive.

Verbs:

a) ‘ORga’nize, ‘SIGni’fy, ‘COMpen’sate; b) conSIDer, reMEMber; c) ‘under’STAND, ‘contra’DICT.

Four or more syllables

Nouns:

a) ACcuracy, DELicacy; b) moBILity, inTOLerance; c) ‘eco’NOMics, ‘infor’MAtion; d) con’side’RAtion, in’vesti’GAtion.

Adjectives:

a) sigNIFicant, unREAsonable; b) ‘aca’DEMic, ‘inter’NAtional.

Verbs:

a’POLo’gize, in’TENsi’fy, ac’CUmu’late.

 

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