Рresent Perfect и Past Simple: в чем разница?

Привет, друзья. Самое главное, о чем следует помнить: Past Simple – это прошедшее время, оно сообщает о том, что уже закончилось. Present Perfect – настоящее время, оно повествует о том, что началось в прошлом и еще не закончилось или закончилось, но имеет связь с настоящим.

В большинстве случаев в контексте предложения есть подсказки, которые помогают нам понять, какое время выбрать. В некоторых ситуациях мы можем сами выбирать время в зависимости от того, что хотим сказать.

Do not use the present perfect (I have done) when you talk about a finished time (for example)

yesterday / ten minutes ago / in 1999 /  when I was a child.

Use a past tense:

It was very hot yesterday. (not has been)

Ann and Tom arrived five minutes ago. (not have arrived)

Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? (not have you eaten)

I got home late last night. I was very tired and went straight to bed.

Use the past to ask When … ? or What time … ?:

When did your friends arrive? (not have … arrived)

What time did you finish work?

Упражнения Present Perfect с ответами

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

Present perfect

Ann has Lost her key. She can’t get into the house.

Is Tom here or has he Left?

Past simple

Ann Lost her key yesterday.

She couldn’t ‘t get into the house.

When did Ben a Leave?

 Present perfect (have done)

I’ve done a lot of work today.

We use the present perfect for a period of time that continues until now.

For example:

today / this month  / since 1988.

It hasn’t rained this month.

Have you seen Anna this morning?

(it is still morning)

Have you seen Ben recently?

I don’t know where Tom is. I haven’t

seen him. (= I haven’t seen his

recently)

We’ve been waiting for two hours.

(we are still waiting now)

Ann lives in Ney York. She has Lived there for ten years.

I have never played tennis. (in my life)

It’s the last day of your holiday.

You say:

It’s been a really good holiday.

I’ve really enjoyed it.

Past simple (did)

I did a lot of work yesterday.

We use the past simple for a finished time in

the past.

For example:

yesterday / last week / from 1989 to 1999.

Несколько примеров:

It didn’t rain last month.

Did you see Anna this morning?

(it is now afternoon or evening)

Did you see Ben on Saturday?

Was Ann at the party on Friday?

I don’t think so. I didn’t see her.

We waited (or were waiting) for two

hours. (we are no longer waiting)

Ann Lived in Moscow for five years.

Now she lives in Ney York.

I didn’t play tennis Last June.

After you come back from holiday you

say: It was a really good holiday.

I really enjoyed it.

Past Simple or Present Perfect

Итак, главное отличие Past Simple от Present Perfect заключается в том, что в первом случае мы говорим о законченном действии в прошлом, без какой-либо связи с настоящим, а во втором – нас интересует именно результат в настоящем времени.